Social engineering

People and organizations are significantly affected by the computer systems they use. When people procure or build systems they hope the effect will be positive, but the result has been negative in a large number of cases, such as the well-documented London and Melbourne Ambulance Systems. LAS and MAS were not capable of performing their prime function because the system was not designed to properly support the organization. Use of methods identified in the paper during concept exploration and design phases would have revealed many of the problems before they occurred.