Second and third order minimum time controllers and missile adjoints

The optimal minimum time control (i.e. a bang-bang controller) is applied to the fast reaction missile defense problem. The control may be posed either as a function of time or as a function of the states. The state space can be partitioned into regions, surfaces, and curves where the optimal control action is either its maximum plus or minus N. In missile simulation problems, the method of adjoints is often used in parametric studies of errors and miss distance. This technique is used to help visualize the solution trajectory and families of optimal trajectories for all possible initial conditions