The study of electromagnetic scattering model for fractal trees above a tilted rough ground plane

The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with forest stands is of interest because of the important roˆle such vegetation plays in the regulation of environmental and climatic change. Due to the complex structural geometry of trees, a forest canopy is an inhomogeneous medium. In statistical scattering models, forest canopies have been considered in multiconstituent and multilayer models. These models are based on the radiative transfer model for calculating the backscattering cross section from forest canopies. In this paper, the bistatic scattering coefficients from the trees, generated by using the stochastic Lindenmayer system above a tilted rough ground plane, are studied by Monte Carlo simulations based on the coherent addition approximation, tree-independent scattering and independent scattering methods. Tree trunks and branches are modeled as finite-length dielectric cylinders