Sources and statistics of multipath arrival at elevated base station antenna

Various attempts to model the delay spread and angle of arrival spread at elevated base stations have assumed scatterers distributed over the area surrounding the path between the mobile and base station. Little consideration has been given to the physical sources of this scattering and their relative importance. In this paper we first evaluate the relative significance of various objects found in a typical street scene to estimate their contribution to the delay and angle spread in a suburban setting. We subsequently examine the influence of scattering from buildings in an urban environment using ray tracing techniques