Energy flow control of Wind/PV/Batteries/Supercapacitors autonomous hybrid power sources using the flatness concept

In this paper, an autonomous Wind/Photovoltaic (PV) hybrid power sources using lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors as storage elements is presented. The lead-acid batteries are used to compensate the power demand which PV and wind generators can´t provide. Supercapacitors are employed to relieve the batteries of repeated charging and discharging ensuring longer hybrid source lifetime. The system is designed to supply a residential load. The exchanged power among different components is managed using a nonlinear control based on the flatness concept. Simulation results are presented and discussed for different wind speeds and solar illuminations.