Adaptive control of hypertension under clinically observed conditions

Extensive testing and use of a nonadaptive automated blood pressure controller has proved the safety and efficiency of closed-loop regulation of hypertension. However, the large range of patient characteristics suggests the need for an adaptive algorithm. Adaptive control was implemented with parallel least-squares estimation routines to adapt to patient gain and to desensitize the controller to the effects of drug transport delay. Simulations indicate satisfactory controller operation for a large range of plant characteristics despite signal perturbations, changing plant characteristics, reflex activity, and long-term operation.<>