Operation of battery power modules with series output

This paper presents the operation of battery power modules (BPMs) connected in series for the high voltage output applications. As compared to the conventional applications of the battery banks with a single converter, the configuration has lower component stresses leading to a higher operating efficiency. The batteries can be substantially controlled independently, so that the advantages with parallel operation more efficient utilization of battery power and extensive battery management as well as charge equalization can be realized. Circuit operations and theoretical analyses are discussed on the boost-typed BPMs with series output configuration. Practical measurements are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of charge equalization.