Notice of RetractionInterval physical programming and its application to evaluation of soil state in shield tunneling

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Considering the limitation that weights without physical meaning are required to be provided in traditional evaluation methods, physical programming is used in multiattribute evaluation. Considering the uncertainty of attribute value, the interval physical programming model (IPP) is developed. Decision-makers only need to set boundary values for each preference range, thereby the interval attribute values of selected projects are computed with IPP model. A satisfactory project can be selected by interval numbers ranking. To address the existing problems in comprehensive evaluation on plastic flow behavior of conditioned soil, an attribute set is established to describe soil characteristics. The interval number of each attribute is specified according to the transit time of conditioned soil in the working chamber. Engineering experience is used to determine the region limits of preference function, which can reflect the actual intention of decision-maker. The numerical example of modified soil demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.