Wide band modeling and electromagnetic pulse propagation through HF channel

Complexity associated with modeling of electrical signals at the reception site after reflection from the ionosphere has been a challenging problem. We present the modeling of the signal by taking into account all the parameters characterizing the HF ionospheric channel including the complex response of the receiving antenna. We also discuss the problems involved in modeling wide band signals keeping in view the particular behavior of the ionospheric channel. The simulations based on the analytic formulas for the second and third order derivatives of the signal phase are discussed and the impulse response of the HF channel, based on these phase derivatives is simulated.