Multiplication of frequency in the MM-wave range by using resonance-tunnel diodes

The resonance-tunnel diode (RTD) is a high-frequency device and can operate on frequencies up to 1000 GHz. However, due to the RTD´s capacity and double barrier, both quantum hole areas and contact resistance can essentially be reduced by the top frequencies of generation. The use of the RTD in the MM-wave range is possible by reducing the contact area (thus the useful scattered power and capacity of the diode decreases, but the useful power decreases to a level considerably smaller than that for Gunn and IMPATT-diodes) or by harmonic operation. In the latter case it is possible for either the generation of harmonics or the reception of harmonics as a result of multiplication. In the present work, the frequency multiplication by various RTDs is analyzed. The purpose of the work is to establish a definition of the frequency transformation factor (FTF) on harmonics