From manual to automated to adaptive high frequency radios

The manually operated high frequency radio requires operators with extensive training, knowledge, and experience. The resurgence of interest in HF radio has led to increased automation of the operator functions, thus allowing operation by personnel with only a minimum of training. Although the automatic link establishment (ALE) system provides the basic system automation, there are a number of additional automation functions being developed. The future adaptive radios will be devices that can sense their communication environment and automatically adapt to enhance their communications links as well as mitigate against detractors