Author_Institution :
IBM Almaden Res. Center, San Jose, CA, USA
Abstract :
We prove that for all positive integer k and for all sufficiently small ε>0 if n is sufficiently large then there is no Boolean (or 2-way) branching program of size less than 2em which for all inputs X⊆{0, 1, ..., n-1} computes in time kn the parity of the number of elements of the set of all pairs (x,y) with the property x∈X, y∈X, x<y, x+y∈X. For the proof of this fact we show that if A=(αi,j)i=0, j=0n is a random n by n matrix over the field with 2 elements with the condition that “∀, j, k, l∈{0, 1, ..., n-1}, i+j=k+l implies αi,j=αk,l” then with a high probability the rank of each δn by δn submatrix of A is at least cδ|log δ|-2n, where c>0 is an absolute constant and n is sufficiently large with respect to δ
Keywords :
computational complexity; directed graphs; Boolean branching programs; directed graph; matrix; nonlinear time lower bound; parity; positive integer; probability; Binary decision diagrams; Content addressable storage; Input variables; Performance evaluation; Registers; Size measurement; Time measurement;