Remote point-of-gaze estimation with single-point personal calibration based on the pupil boundary and corneal reflections

This paper describes a new method for remote, non-contact point-of-gaze (PoG) estimation that tolerates head movements and requires a simple personal calibration procedure in which the subject has to fixate a single calibration point. This method uses the pupil boundary and at least two corneal reflections (virtual images of light sources) that are extracted from eye images captured by at least two video cameras. Experimental results obtained with a prototype system exhibited RMS PoG estimation errors of approx. 0.4-0.6° of visual angle. Such accuracy is comparable to that of the best commercially available systems, which use multiple-point personal calibration procedures, and significantly better than that of any other systems that use a single-point personal calibration procedure and have been previously described in the literature.