Incorporating external command signals in the simulation of interdependent infrastructures: The control room concept

Effective coordination is one of the most critical aspects of emergency management. Several scientific articles have described how the lack of proper coordination resulting from "limited resources, inadequate communication, misinformation, and damaged infrastructure" has negatively impacted response efforts. Problems involving the lack of consistent data moving from the incident, including the accurate description of the evolving situation, must be addressed to achieve better coordination. This paper investigates how interdependency simulators can be used to support coordination efforts and decision-making during emergency management.