Calibration architectures for use in UTRA adaptive antenna basestations

The ACTS Smart Universal BEAMforming (SUNBEAM) project intends to develop innovative base station array processing architectures and algorithms for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) that are sufficiently flexible to support a range of different second and third generation air interface standards. This paper describes the candidate calibration architectures to be studied under the project for use with adaptive antenna base station systems (AA-BSSs), with particular reference to the UTRA air interface standards of wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) and time division-CDMA (TD-CDMA). This paper introduces a semi-transparent calibration scheme for use with the uplink of either a FDD or TDD adaptive antenna base station