Physical human phantoms for evaluation of implantable antennas

In recent years, body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs) are paid attention a lot in medical applications, because it has the ability to reduce malpractice and to ameliorate the quality of life of the patients. Interactions between the human body and electromagnetic (EM) waves radiated from an antenna are generally estimated by numerical calculation and experiments. In here, interactions mean the influence of the human body on the antenna performance and an influence of EM waves on the human body. Moreover, a realistic human body is represented by numerical or tissue-equivalent human phantom. In this paper, we talk about what role would tissue-equivalent phantom play in evaluation of implantable antennas by embedding a dipole antenna (0.953 GHz) into whole-body voxel human models and three simple phantoms (layered, rectangular and cylindrical structures). Calculation is completed by the finite-different time domain (FDTD) method.