Outdoor-to-indoor propagation modelling for LEO satellite communication systems

This paper addresses fading, primarily in the L and UHF bands, that affects mobile systems such as personal communication systems (PCS). It discusses the fundamental criterion for investigating propagation effects on low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite communication systems and focuses on methods of developing a fading simulation model. The model provides a flexible set of simulated channel characteristics that can be selected over a wide range such as the direct line-of-sight (LOS) component, shadowing effect, and Doppler shift determined by the satellite speed and spread delay. It includes Rayleigh, Rician, log-normal and flat or frequency selective fading channels.