Influence of pulse variations on the parameters of first order empirical Li-ion battery model

Battery performance and safety constitute a bottleneck for electric vehicles to penetrate the car market. Online battery models are one of the engineering tools to enhance their performance. Empirical battery models form the subject of many scientific publications. In this paper a study, is performed of the usefulness of the first order impedance model through the consistency of the parameters under changes in the calibration signal, i.e. the current pulse. It can be concluded that simple first order models show little potential to really increase battery performance. Only the equivalent series resistance of the first order impedance model is insensitive to small variations of the calibration signal.