Re-conceptualization of applications achieved by data hiding

Data hiding (DH) is a general concept that overlaps with many applications and it re-conceptualizes them. In this paper, we show that DH can re-conceptualize relational-database, networking, DNA manipulation and digital content commercialization by embedding some attributes into others (to reduce integrity problem), utilizing the packets´ load to accommodate extra information (to reduce bandwidth), utilize genes to store information (to achieve biological memory), and introducing command-interactive payloads (to guide the decoder to act upon certain conditions), respectively. It is shown that such re-conceptualizations are currently restricted due to the lack of interchangeability in most of the DH methods.