Solid phantoms for evaluation of interactions between the human body and antennas

Recently, much research has been done on the interactions between the human body and electromagnetic (EM) waves radiated from antennas for mobile terminals. The "interactions" are two-way: the influence of the human body on the performance of a mobile terminal; the influence of EM waves on the human body. Such interactions are estimated by numerical simulation and/or experimental evaluation. In experimental investigations, tissue-equivalent liquid or solid phantoms are usually used for SAR (specific absorption rate) evaluation. Solid phantoms for such evaluations require various characteristics: 1) known physical characteristics; 2) easily obtained materials requiring no special equipment for fabrication; 3) electric constants with long term stability; 4) electric constants with wide frequency band; 5) low cost. The paper introduces examples of three types of "new" solid phantoms for evaluation of the interactions in various situations. First, we introduce a phantom which can realize the electric constants of the human head for 3-6 GHz. Next, a real-shaped upper-half body phantom is shown at the 2.6 GHz band. Finally, an abdomen phantom for a pregnant women is introduced at 150 MHz.