Pseudo contact point monitoring for contact state estimation

Contact state information is indispensable for performing skillful tasks in which an end-effector should be in contact with the environment. In previous work, the authors introduced the concept of a pseudo contact point that is useful for tasks involving contact as one expression of the contact state. In this paper, an extended definition of the pseudo contact point is proposed. The pseudo contact point is defined as the foot of the perpendicular from the nearest point on a reference object to the line on which the contact point and external force vector lie. The system may estimate the contact state and its transitions by monitoring the pseudo contact point in spite of the fact that the pseudo contact point does not always denote the real contact point. Experimental results suggest the effectiveness of our method, which is particularly valuable in providing an intuitive positional description of a contact state