Ionospheric F-layer small-scale irregularities: a possible explanation

Summary form only given. A possible explanation of all observed small-scale irregularities in the ionospheric F-region is attempted with the help of dust-ion hybrid drift instability. These irregularities are of different scale-sizes, i.e., 11 cm, 36 cm, 1 m and 3 m. Previous theories are able to explain the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities of scale size of 11 cm, 36 cm, & 1 m with the help of lower-hybrid drift instabilities. Another important finding of this study is that the obtained dust-ion hybrid instability differs from the normal dust-ion hybrid instability.