Standardization of Benchmarks for Distance Relay Setting in Multi-Terminals Transmission Lines. Case: PDVSA 69kV System

This work has as purpose to standardize benchmarks of setting for distance relays at multi-terminals lines. The study of protection schemes contemplates the suitable performance of the distance units (21/21N). Given the multi-terminal configuration the analysis includes conditions such as: infeed and outfeed effect. Another factor considered in the relaying setting is the classification as short, medium or long lines. The methodology is based on the establishment of optimal protection benchmarks according to the classification and configuration of the lines, selection of the pilot scheme (PUTT, POTT, weak infeed and echo logic) to be implemented and the selection of the pilot communications scheme. Everything based on the standards IEEE C37.113, IEEE 242, IEEE 738 and ANSI C84.1. The study is made in the east PDVSA sub-transmission network (69 kV); the Criogenica-San Roque-Kaki Bucaral multi-terminal line is taken as an example