A handover mechanism problem between GSM and TD-SCDMA: Analyse and solution

During a long period, there have been a lot of switch problems between TD-SCDMA which is Chinese standard and GSM networks. How to keep their promises to provide users with seamless high-quality coverage, diversification, as well as high-speed business experience? This is the commercial problem that 3G network operators must to overcome in the future. By using K1205 signaling analyzer, the signaling in switch are traced, we found that the cause which led to switch failure was the ambiguity of protocol. Analyzing the related 3GPP protocol we proposed some solutions to this switch problem between TD-SCDMA and GSM.