Impact of PV module mismatch on the PV array energy yield and comparison of module, string and central MPPT

With PV technology advancing in high pace the need for better understanding solar cell behavior from component up to system level is evident. Electrical mismatch between solar cells and thus PV modules is one effect that has not been studied extensively. In addition, several techniques for reducing the mismatch losses have been developed, such as distributed MPPT and module sorting. Therefore, a study of mismatch losses will be presented along with a comparative study of the different mismatch mitigation techniques.