Slotted bow-tie antenna design for RFID readers using hybrid optimization techniques

Recently hybrid optimizations algorithm has attracted a lot of attention as a high-performance optimizer. This paper presents a comparison between different hybrid optimization algorithms. The proposed algorithms are used to design a slotted bow-tie antenna for 2.45 GHz Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers. The antenna is optimized using different algorithms integrated with the CST Microwave studio. Four algorithms are compared: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), hybrid approach involving Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Nelder-Mead (NM) algorithm (GA-NM), and a hybrid approach involving PSO and Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm (PSO-NM). It is anticipated that the introduced hybrid approaches are more efficient and can be applied to other types of antennas.