Hierarchical signatures for semi-fragile image authentication with localization

This paper proposes an effective technique for semifragile image authentication with precise error localization capabilities. The authentication signature is extracted from hierarchical image representation in the automata domain. Images are represented in terms of their perceptual self-similarity using generalized finite automata. The hierarchical automata domain representation provides precise semi-fragile tamper localization capabilities. Furthermore, the proposed technique features a compact signature length reducing the need for extra bandwidth for signature transmission whilst maintaining a rather simple implementation. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.