A blind MPEG-2 video watermarking robust to regular geometric attacks

Based on the observation that low-frequency DCT coefficients of an image are less affected by geometric processing, we propose a new blind MPEG-2 video watermarking algorithm robust to camcorder recording. Both the embedding and extraction of the watermarks are done in the compressed domain. The mean of the low-frequency DCT coefficients of the video is temporally modulated according to the information bits. To reduce complexity, we embed watermark in the prediction error signals of the B-frames. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves high video quality and robustness to camcorder recording, trans-coding, frame-rate conversion, and geometric attacks on common test videos.