Synthesises, characterization and comparative study of bone regeneration on nano hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite in rat

The bone matrix has two major phases at the nanoscale level containing of organic (collagen) and inorganic (Hydroxyapatite (HAp)). Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite with organic polymer in favor of composites would be used in biomaterial engineering. In this research, nano-HAp and HAp/CTS nanocomposite were prepared via in situ Hybridization route and then studied for bone regeneration in 3 groups consist of pure HAp, HAp/CTS nanocomposite and control group in the rat calvaria after 7, 30 and 60 days. Crystal nanostructure and phase present of products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectrum, respectively. Morphology of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed homogeneity interaction between HAp and CTS matrix. It can be seen by increasing chitosan, the expected compatibility among HAp and matrix improving. XRD results indicated that the approximate crystallite sizes of products is found to be about 16nm for pure HAp and 12nm for nanocomposite. in vivo investigation in rat calvaria showed that new bone regeneration area is 57.26% for HAp, 50.84% for HAp/CTS nanocomposite, and 5.64% for the control group after 60 days. Result obtained from in vivo tests confirmed feasibility of the synthesized products as a temporary of bone substitute.