Slowing light by exciting the fundamental degeneracy oscillatory mode in both plasmonic and all-dielectric waveguides with negative refractive indices

We demonstrate the slowing light effect by exciting the negative Goos-Hänchen effect originating from the fundamental degeneracy oscillatory mode within negative refractive waveguides (NRWs). In the work, we construct three kinds of metamaterial-base NRWs, including an anisotropic plasmonic waveguide operated at multiple incidences, a discrete dielectric metamaterial waveguide, and a monolithic tapered dielectric metamaterial waveguide, and all of them successfully present slowing and even stopping light effect. The experimental demonstration is further confirmed by scrutinizing the distributions of E-field and power flow in simulation. Moreover, the effective indices of the NRW are retrieved by the theoretical analysis and then are affirmed by finite element simulation. The experimental result agrees the two simulation results well and so does the theoretical analysis.