Fault tolerant digital system design

Fault-tolerant design concepts, such as self purging, sift-out modular redundancy, overlapping parity, and cyclic duplication coding, are presented. In most of these methods, fault location can be identified and even possibly be isolated or corrected. Practical case studies involving these methodologies are presented. In addition, methodologies to test the voter circuit for possible malfunction or fault condition are given. Such methods can fault isolate the critical points such as the voters and data routers, and thereby improve the system reliability. Practical case studies involving recompute with shifted operands (RESO) and recompute with swapped operands are also presented. These techniques will help to verify the correctness of the computed result and notify the use of possible software or internal hardware malfunction