3-D photonic crystals operating at optical wavelengths

Summary form only given. A photonic crystal is a three-dimensional periodic dielectric structure possessing a frequency band or bandgap over which all electromagnetic modes, spontaneous emission, and zero point fluctuations are forbidden irrespective of propagation directions. We demonstrate the successful fabrication of these tiny 3D nanostructures with lithographically controlled operating wavelengths. We have synthesized and characterized photonic crystals, up to four successive vertical layers deep in GaAs, with varying hole diameters and lattice constants. Optical transmission spectra provide evidence for an optical scale photonic band gap.