Current status of silicon solar cell technology

In quest of higher efficiency, major progress has occurred in solar cell technology during the last five years. In this period cell efficiency has climbed about 50 percent. Technical approaches leading to increased output include back surface fields (n⁺-p-p⁺structures), shallow junctions, improved antireflection coatings, surface texturizing, and fine grid patterns on the cell surface. The status of current solar cell technology and its incorporation into cell production is discussed. Research and develomnent leading to improved performance and reduced cost are also described.