Dependence of the waveguide properties on different models to relate the hydrogen concentration to the refractive index in APE LiNbO 3

The effect of the proton-concentration-to-refractive-index relation on the waveguiding properties for well annealed proton exchange waveguides on LiNbO₃ substrate is presented in this work. The use of the different relations results in very different waveguide propagation behaviour. Several relations presented in the literature are linear for the well annealed proton exchanged LiNbO₃ waveguides. An empirical relation which fits well with the published experimental data region is also presented for comparison purposes