Object tracking by a robot manipulator: a robust cooperative visual servoing approach

In this paper, we utilize a Lyapunov-based design approach. to construct a visual servoing controller for a robot manipulator that ensures uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) end-effector position tracking performance despite parametric uncertainty throughout the entire robot/camera system. The UUB end-effector tracking result exploits information from both a fixed camera and a camera-in-hand. although both cameras contain parametric uncertainty in the calibration parameters (e.g., focal length, image center, scaling factors, and camera position and orientation). The advantages of the cooperative camera configuration are that: (i) the fixed camera can be mounted so that a large robot workspace is visible, (ii) the camera-in hand is mounted so that a high resolution, close-up view of an object is achieved, facilitating the potential for more precise robotic motion. and (iii) the fixed camera provides a mechanism for treating the problem of determining the relative velocity of the robot end-effector with respect to the object for the camera-in-hand object tracking problem when the camera is uncalibrated.