Notice of RetractionNitrogen removal efficiency of different filter media and macrophyte in pilot-scale constructed wetland

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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A pilot scale constructed wetland was setup for the studies of removal efficiency of nitrogen from treated municipal wastewater using various filter media and a macrophyte. For the current research work pulverized fly ash bricks, shale and gravel media were used and a macrophyte Phragmites was chosen to find out the removal efficiency with various filter media. In this study, four constructed wetlands with similar size and shape (0.25m² each), received treated municipal wastewater with a high N concentration (about 13.19mg/L). The effect of hydraulic loads and filter media on total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen removal were investigated through mass inflow and outflow measurements. The results show that 1.2 m³/m².d hydraulic loading rate and shale filter media was most effective for TN removal, and fly ash brick media was the most effective for the NH₄⁺ removal in 1.2 m³/m².d hydraulic loading rate. The results show that removal rate of TN was highly significant with shale filter media and NH₄-N with fly ash bricks filter media in different hydraulic loading rates and Phragmites spp. in current research work.