Investigation of radar propagation prediction methods using ARTIST data

This article examines the assessment of propagation conditions using data from a state-of-the-art, multi-function radar, namely the advanced radar technology integrated system testbed (ARTIST). The radar was situated at Wallops Island, USA and an extensive series of clutter recordings was conducted in 2010. The recordings are compared to site specific modelling using the naval electromagnetic environmental simulation suite (NEMESiS) software. Using this modelling software, it is shown that refractivity profiles predicted using local environmental measurements, in conjunction with analytical descriptions of evaporation ducts, do not result in a high fidelity reproduction of the clutter observed. Refractivity profiles recorded with radiosondes result in a better match to the data, but can produce an over-prediction of clutter. It is concluded that the most robust way to accurately assess propagation conditions is through a direct analysis of the radar clutter data, in conjunction with detailed modelling. This approach, duct inversion, is explored and is shown to have the potential of providing a quasi-real time assessment of propagation conditions, as required for environmentally aware radar.