Determining e-commerce adoption level by SMEs in Indonesia based on customer-oriented benefits

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia need to enhance their ability to face a global market. E-commerce provides potential benefits for SMEs. This study proposed a number of Indonesian SMEs´ e-commerce adoption levels and their ranks based on customer-oriented benefits. The levels and ranks are determined based k-means clustering. Analysis result shows that Indonesian SMEs can be classified into four levels of e-commerce adoption based on customer-oriented benefits. The result of this study will be used as a metric in Indonesian SMEs´ e-commerce adoption framework.