Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna loaded with a novel Sierpinski Carpet Fractal based Photonic Band Gap structure for wireless applications

In this paper, a novel Sierpinski Carpet Fractal based Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure is proposed. The novel fractal based PBG offers better band gap response as compared to the square lattice shaped PBG. The application of the novel PBG on Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (HDRA) significantly improves the peak gain of the antenna from 6 dBi to 10 dBi at 2.05 GHz and the impedance bandwidth of operation (S11<−10 dB) from 10.5 % to 63 % at 1.42 GHz. The antenna is excited by a simple coaxial probe at an offset and the broadband is observed for the TE111 mode of the HDRA. The efficiency is above 88% and the gain is above 8 dBi for the entire bandwidth of operation.