An analytical method for determining effect of transmission system forced outages on the reliability of interconnected power system

Over the world there are large and economically attractive energy resources that are located at long (500 - 1500 km) and very long (2000 - 4000 km) distances from load areas. Proceeding from the state of the art, the problem of power transmission over such distances can be solved with the help of EHV and UHV transmission systems (TSs) of both DC and AC. Forced outages of TSs have a noticeable effect on reliability of interconnected power systems (DPS). The effect most strongly manifests itself when transmitted power is comparable with installed capacity of receiving system. An analytical method is proposed for evaluating the effect of TS forced outages on reliability of EPS using LOLP (Loss-of-Load Probability). When comparing alternatives, this method makes it possible to determine the additional value of operating reserve caused by forced outages of TS and take into account the reliability in terms of extra reserve cost