Adaptive distance relaying scheme to tackle the under reach problem due renewable energy

Diminishing fossil fuels reserves is a big driver for more generation of electrical power from renewable energy sources. The power generated from the renewable energy resources is eco-friendly, eco-green and sustainable in nature. If the power generated from these energy sources is bulk and dispatchable then they are directly integrated in the power transmission networks. The transmission networks are conventional protected with the help of distance relays. The in-feed from the renewable energy source power may cause under reach operation of the existing distance relays in the power transmission networks. In this research paper the settings of distance relays are modified as per the level of in-feed from the renewable energy source in the transmission systems under study. The fuzzy set based protection scheme is proposed in this research paper which decides the settings of the distance relays as per in-feed for the renewable energy sources. The proposed adaptive fuzzy set based relaying scheme is implemented in two small sized transmission networks with single and multiple in-feeds scenarios. It is observed that the operation of distance relays in the test transmission systems are immune under integration of renewable energy sources using the proposed adaptive distance relaying scheme.