Energy efficient flip flop design using voltage scaling on FPGA

In this work, we are using voltage scaling and frequency scaling. In voltage scaling, voltage is scaled from 3V to 1V, where intermediate values are 2.5V, 2V, 1.8V and 1.5V. In frequency scaling, frequency is scaled from 1 MHz to 1 THz, where intermediate values are 10 MHz, 100 MHz, 1 GHz, 10 GHz and 100 GHz. When we scale down device operating frequencies from 1THz to 1GHz, there is 72.9% reduction in power dissipation on Virtex-6 FPGA. When we scale down device operating frequencies from 1THz to 1GHz, there is 98.75% reduction in power dissipation on Virtex-4 FPGA. When we scale down device supply voltage from 3V to 2.5V, 2V, 1.8V and 1V, there is 82.23%, 96.83%, 98.45% and 99% reduction in power dissipation respectively on Virtex-6 FPGA on 10MHz device operating frequency. When we scale down device supply voltage from 3V to 2.5V, 2V, 1.8V and 1V, there is 74.42%, 92.67%, 94.71% and 97.66% reduction in power dissipation respectively on Virtex-6 FPGA on 1THz device operating frequency.