Laser fired ohmic contacts in silicon using pulse modulated CW laser

This paper discusses a detailed approach to the optimization of laser-fired contacts for the rear surface-passivated p-type crystalline silicon solar cell. To obtain a proper ohmic contact, there are various parameters which should be taken into account while making LFCs, such as pitch, pulse length (or duty cycle ratio), laser output power and number of pulses. Optimization methodology for forming an ohmic laser-fired contact and the respective parametric values for the pulse modulated CW laser are reported.