Cognitive Radar Framework for Target Detection and Tracking

Most radar systems employ a feed-forward processing chain in which they first perform some low-level processing of received sensor data to obtain target detections and then pass the processed data on to some higher-level processor such as a tracker, which extracts information to achieve a system objective. System performance can be improved using adaptation between the information extracted from the sensor/processor and the design and transmission of subsequent illuminating waveforms. As such, cognitive radar systems offer much promise. In this paper, we develop a general cognitive radar framework for a radar system engaged in target tracking. The model includes the higher-level tracking processor and specifies the feedback mechanism and optimization criterion used to obtain the next set of sensor data. Both target detection (track initiation/termination) and tracking (state estimation) are addressed. By separating the general principles from the specific application and implementation details, our formulation provides a flexible framework applicable to the general tracking problem. We demonstrate how the general framework may be specialized for a particular problem using a distributed sensor model in which system resources (observation time on each sensor) are allocated to optimize tracking performance. The cognitive radar system is shown to offer significant performance gains over a standard feed-forward system.