C/A code cross-correlation at a high doppler offset

C/A code cross-correlation affects signal acquisition and tracking in global positioning system (GPS) receivers. This paper investigates the cross-correlation-induced tracking errors, which can be substantial when the two Doppler frequencies are apart by an integer number of kilohertz. Carrier smoothing is an effective mitigation against the pseudorange errors, although the residual could still be significant if a short smoothing time constant is used.