Title :
Time and Temperature Dependent Study of Zn and Ni Codiffused LiNbO3 Waveguides
Author :
Wan-Shao Tsai ; Tsung-Yu Chiang ; Ling-Ya Liu ; Ping-Chien Chang ; You-Kai Su
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Appl. Mater. & Optoelectron., Nat. Chi Nan Univ., Nantou, Taiwan
Abstract :
Zn and Ni codiffused lithium niobate planar and channel waveguides are fabricated at various temperatures for different times. Compositional and optical properties of the waveguides are studied. Single-mode channel waveguides are measured for 2-D refractive index profiling using a modified end-fire coupling method at excitation wavelengths of both 633 and 1550 nm. Planar waveguides with the same metallic thicknesses as those of channel waveguides are analyzed using secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry to obtain the diffused metal ion concentration profiles. The relationship between the diffusion depths and index depths is discussed based on the completeness of the diffusion process.
Keywords :
diffusion; lithium compounds; nickel; optical fabrication; optical planar waveguides; refractive index; secondary ion mass spectra; zinc; 2-D refractive index profiling; LiNbO3:Zn,Ni; channel waveguides; codiffusion; diffused metal ion concentration profiles; diffusion depths; modified end-fire coupling method; planar waveguides; secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry; wavelength 633 nm to 1550 nm; Indexes; Nickel; Optical device fabrication; Optical waveguides; Refractive index; Zinc; Diffusion processes; lithium niobate; optical waveguides; refractive index profile;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2015.2490167
