Multichannel SAR Using Waveform Diversity and Distinct Carrier Frequency for Ground Moving Target Indication

Ground moving target indication (GMTI) plays an important role in surveillance and reconnaissance applications, but it is a difficult problem due to the impacts of stationary clutter. This paper proposes a multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using waveform diversity, namely, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) SAR and distinct carrier frequency for GMTI applications. The proposed approach employs MIMO configuration with multiple antennas in azimuth and orthogonal waveform diversity. In doing so, multiple independent transmit-receive channels are formulated at the receiver. Since each antenna uses both waveform diversity and distinct carrier frequency, after clutter cancellation and noise suppression by the displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) and along-track interferometry (ATI) combined processing algorithm, the cross-track velocity is estimated through double-interferometry processing. Next, the Doppler parameters of moving targets are estimated with the fractional Fourier transform algorithm and then GMTI is obtained by a joint signal processing algorithm. Finally, the moving targets are focused with a general chirp scaling imaging algorithm. All the proposed methods are verified by simulation results.