Reliability Analysis of Ku-Band 5-bit Phase Shifters Using MEMS SP4T and SPDT Switches

This work presents a Ku-band microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based 5-bit phase shifter using dc contact single-pole-four-throw (SP4T) and single-pole-double-throw switches. The design is implemented using a coplanar waveguide transmission line. Two individual 2-bit phase shifters and one 1-bit phase shifter are cascaded to develop the complete 5-bit phase shifter. The phase shifters are fabricated on 635- μm alumina substrate using a surface micromachining process. The 5-bit phase shifter demonstrates an average insertion loss of 2.65 dB in the 13-18-GHz band with a return loss better than 22 dB and average phase error less than 0.68 ° at 17 GHz. Total area of the fabricated 5-bit phase shifter is 4.7 × 2.8 mm². The reliability of the single-pole-single-throw and SP4T switches show more than 10 million cycles with an RF power of 0.1-2 W. Furthermore, reliability of the MEMS phase shifter is extensively investigated and presented with cold and hot switched conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported MEMS 5-bit phase shifter in the literature that has undergone different reliability and qualification testing including 3-axis vibrations.