A 5.8 mW Continuous-Time $\Delta \Sigma$ Modulator With 20 MHz Bandwidth Using Time-Domain Flash Quantizer

This paper presents a power-efficient realization of a third-order continuous-time delta-sigma (CT-Δ Σ) modulator with 3-bit time-domain flash quantizer (TDFQ) and data-weighted averaging (DWA) based on the shifter output and input. Using the time-domain quantizer can overcome design issues in low voltage supply during CMOS downscaling. The CT-Δ Σ modulator uses the TDFQ instead of a voltage-domain quantizer to reduce power consumption. The proposed TDFQ solves the linearity problem of the delay-based voltage-to-time converter (VTC) without calibration circuit while also increasing the quantizer input range and saving energy. Moreover, in order to reduce the mismatch effects of a multibit DAC and achieve low power consumption, implementation of a low-power DWA circuit is proposed without using a digital adder to calculate pointer for controlling barrel shift circuit. This chip was fabricated in CMOS 90 nm process. The proposed CT-Δ Σ modulator consumes 5.8 mW from 1.0 V and achieves peak SNDR of 65.3 dB over the 20 MHz bandwidth, which results in FOM_W = 96.3 fJ/level and FOM_S = 161 dB.