LTCC resistors and resistive temperature sensors - chosen electrical and stability properties

This paper presents the correlation between processing conditions and electrical (sheet resistance, resistance vs temperature dependence) and long-term stability (relative changes in resistance (DeltaR/R₀) as well as changes in the temperature coefficient of resistance (DeltaTCR) or thermistor constant (DeltaB) properties of surface and buried LTCC resistors as well as NTC and PTC thermistors. All analyzed components (made from 100 ohm/sq. resistor ink and 1 kohm/sq. PTC or NTC thermistor inks) were fired at standard firing profile (850degC/15 min, 875degC/15 min) or overfired (950degC/15 min, 950deg/180 min)